An electric guitar is a guitar that requires external amplification in order to be heard at typical performance volumes, unlike a standard acoustic guitar. It uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals, which ultimately are reproduced as sound by loudspeakers. The sound is sometimes shaped or electronically altered to achieve differt timbres or tonal qualities from that of an acoustic guitar via amplifier settings or knobs on the guitar. Oft, this is done through the use of effects such as reverb, distortion and overdrive; the latter is considered to be a key elemt of electric blues guitar music and jazz, rock and heavy- metal guitar playing. Designs also exist combining attributes of the electric and acoustic guitars: the semi-acoustic and acoustic-electric guitars.
Invted in 1932, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitar players, who wanted to play single-note guitar solos in large big band sembles. Early proponts of the electric guitar on record include Les Paul, Eddie Durham, George Barnes, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker, and Charlie Christian. During the 1950s and 1960s, the electric guitar became the most important instrumt in popular music.
It has evolved into an instrumt that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in gres ranging from pop and rock to folk to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a major compont in the developmt of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music and many other gres of music.
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Electric guitar design and construction varies greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, and pickups. Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge, which lets players bd the pitch of notes or chords up or down, or perform vibrato effects. The sound of an electric guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bding, tapping, and hammering-on, using audio feedback, or slide guitar playing.
There are several types of electric guitar. Early forms were hollow-body semi-acoustic guitars, while solid body guitars developed later. String configurations include the six-string guitar (the most common type), which is usually tuned E, A, D, G, B, E, from lowest to highest strings; the sev-string guitar, which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the eight-string guitar, which typically adds a low E or F# string below the low B; and the twelve-string guitar, which has six two-string courses similar to a mandolin.
In rock, the electric guitar is oft used in two roles: as a rhythm guitar, which plays the chord sequces or progressions, and riffs, and sets the beat (as part of a rhythm section); and as a lead guitar, which provides instrumtal melody lines, melodic instrumtal fill passages, and solos. In a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist may switch betwe both roles; in larger groups there is oft a rhythm guitarist and a lead guitarist.
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Many experimts with electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrumt were made dating back to the early part of the 20th ctury. Patts from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins and banjos to amplify the sound. Hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge; however, these detected vibrations from the bridge on top of the instrumt, resulting in a weak signal.
Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrumt manufacturers. The demand for amplified guitars began during the big band era; as orchestras increased in size, guitar players soon realized the necessity in guitar amplification and electrification.
The first electrically amplified stringed instrumt to be marketed commercially was a cast aluminium lap steel guitar nicknamed the Frying Pan designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the geral manager of the National Stringed Instrumt Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice presidt.
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Coils that were wrapped around a magnet would create an electromagnetic field that converted the vibrations of the guitar strings into electrical signals, which could th be amplified. Commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (Electro-Patt-Instrumt Company), in Los Angeles,
In 1934, the company was ramed the Rickbacker Electro Stringed Instrumt Company. In that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patt for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrumt and the patt was later issued in 1937.
Early electric guitar manufacturers include Rickbacker in 1932; Dobro in 1933; National, AudioVox and Volu-tone in 1934; Vega, Epiphone (Electrophone and Electar), and Gibson in 1935 and many others by 1936.
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By early-mid 1935, Electro String Instrumt Corporation had achieved success with the Frying Pan, and set out to capture a new audice through its release of the Electro-Spanish Model B and the Electro-Spanish K Roberts, which was the first full 25-inch scale electric guitar ever produced.
The Electro-Spanish K Roberts was revolutionary for its time, providing players a full 25-inch scale, with easy access to 17 frets free of the body.
Unlike other lap-steel electrified instrumts produced during the time, the Electro-Spanish K Roberts was designed to play while standing upright with the guitar on a strap, as with acoustic guitars.
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It is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish K Roberts were constructed betwe 1933 and 1937; fewer than 10 are known to survive today.
The solid-body electric guitar is made of solid wood, without functionally resonating air spaces. The first solid-body Spanish standard guitar was offered by Vivi-Tone no later than 1934. This model featured a guitar-shaped body of a single sheet of plywood affixed to a wood frame. Another early, substantially solid Spanish electric guitar, called the Electro Spanish, was marketed by the Rickbacker guitar company in 1935 and made of Bakelite. By 1936, the Slingerland company introduced a wood solid-body electric model, the Slingerland Songster 401 (and a lap steel counterpart, the Songster 400).
Gibson's first production electric guitar, marketed in 1936, was the ES-150 model (ES for Electric Spanish, and 150 reflecting the $150 price of the instrumt, along with matching amplifier). The ES-150 guitar featured a single-coil, hexagonally shaped bar pickup, which was designed by Walt Fuller. It became known as the Charlie Christian pickup (named for the great jazz guitarist who was among the first to perform with the ES-150 guitar). The ES-150 achieved some popularity but suffered from unequal loudness across the six strings.
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A functioning solid-body electric guitar was designed and built in 1940 by Les Paul from an Epiphone acoustic archtop as an experimt. His log guitar — a wood post with a neck attached and two hollow-body halves attached to the sides for appearance only — shares nothing in common for design or hardware with the solid-body Gibson Les Paul, designed by Ted McCarty and introduced in 1952.
The feedback associated with amplified hollow-bodied electric guitars was understood long before Paul's log was created in 1940; Gage Brewer's Ro-Pat-In of 1932 had a top so heavily reinforced that it esstially functioned as a solid-body instrumt.
Unlike acoustic guitars, solid-body electric guitars have no vibrating soundboard to amplify string vibration. Instead, solid-body instrumts depd on electric pickups, and an amplifier (amp) and speaker. The solid body sures that the amplified sound reproduces the string vibration alone, thus avoiding the wolf tones and unwanted feedback
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Associated with amplified acoustic guitars. These guitars are gerally made of hardwood covered with a hard polymer finish, oft polyester or lacquer. In large production facilities, the wood is stored for three to six months in a wood-drying kiln before being cut to shape. Premium custom-built guitars are frequtly made with much older, hand-selected wood.
One of the first solid-body guitars was invted by Les Paul. Gibson did not prest their Gibson Les Paul guitar prototypes to the public, as they did not believe the solid-body style would catch on. Another early solid-body Spanish style guitar, resembling what would become Gibson's Les Paul guitar a decade later, was developed in 1941 by O.W. Appleton, of Nogales, Arizona.
Appleton made contact with both Gibson and Fder but was unable to sell the idea behind his App guitar to either company.
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Bigsby delivered the guitar in 1948. The first mass-produced solid-body guitar was Fder Esquire and Fder Broadcaster (later to become the Fder Telecaster), first made in 1950, five years after Les Paul made his prototype. The Gibson Les Paul appeared soon after to compete with the Broadcaster.
Another notable solid-body design is the Fder Stratocaster, which was introduced in 1954 and became extremely popular among musicians in the 1960s and 1970s for its wide tonal capabilities and more comfortable ergonomics than other models. Differt styles of guitar have differt pick-up styles, the main being 2 or 3 single-coil pick-ups or a double humbucker, with the Stratocaster being a triple single-coil guitar.
The history of electric guitars has be summarized by Guitar World magazine, and the earliest electric guitar on their top 10 list is the Ro-Pat-In Electro A-25 Frying Pan (1932) described as The first-fully functioning solid-body electric guitar to be manufactured and sold.
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It was the first electric guitar used in a publicly promoted performance, performed by Gage Brewer in Wichita, Kansas in
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